Corneal Transplant | Cornea Transplant Surgery in India

Corneal Transplant

What Is  Corneal Transplant?

Cornea transplant (corneal grafting) is the process by which a diseased cornea of the patient is replaced by the donated cornea graft or tissue. The surgery can be done in total with penetrating keratoplasty and also in part with lamellar keratoplasty. In this procedure, a clear healthy corneal is placed by removing the diseased opaque cornea in order to restore the lost sight by permitting the light rays to enter with the help of the clear transplanted cornea.

What is the Cornea?

An external clear covering of the eye which contains the colored pupil and the iris is termed as Cornea. If there is any damage to the cornea, then it can become swollen and can affect the smoothness and its clarity. Cornea is a very powerful refracting surface which is around 2/3rd part of the eye. It is a very essential part of the eye and is required for clear vision. It becomes a clear window to look through and its clarity is necessary for good vision. Diseases of the cornea will lead to loss of transparency, reducing the vision. The impaired functioning of the cornea can cause injury, genetic diseases, infections and malnutrition. The first line treatment comes in the form of medicine and the cornea transplant become a necessity for people losing almost 70 percent of the vision in one or both the eyes.

Types of Cornea Transplants

Penetrating (full thickness) Cornea Transplant: This kind of transplant involves transplanting all the layers of the cornea from the donor.
Lamellar Cornea Transplant: In this, the surgeon only replaces some of the layers of the cornea with the transplant.

Lamellar transplants are the most appropriate transplant when the disease process is limited to only a portion of the cornea.

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Kidney Cancer Treatment in India - Surgery Tours India

Kidney Cancer Treatment in India

What Is Kidney Cancer?

The cancer that develops in the tissues of the kidneys is known as kidney cancer. This bean-shaped organ is located at the back of abdominal organs having one kidney at each side of the spine. When there is uncontrollable growth of normal cells in one or both kidneys that eventually forms a mass that results in the beginning of kidney cancer.
Types of Kidney Cancer
Kidney Cancer Can Be Categorized Into Different Types That Include -

Wilms Tumor: This is seen most commonly in children that can be successfully treated with the help of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Renal Cell Carcinoma: Majority of kidney cancers are renal cell carcinoma that accounts for around 85%. This cancer typically occurs inside the microscopic filtering systems of the kidney.

Sarcoma: This is considered as a rare type of kidney cancer that can be treated with the help of surgery. Chemotherapy along with surgery is the best treatment option for this cancer as sarcoma can develop large before being discovered.

Transitional Cell Carcinoma: Transitional cell carcinoma, also known as Urothelial carcinoma, typically starts in the kidney area where urine gets collected before reaching to the bladder. This is considered and treated like a bladder cance
Causes of Kidney Cancer

The causes of kidney cancer are still not fully indentified. The beginning of kidney cancer takes place when some cells of the kidney acquire mutations in their DNA. This results in rapid development and division of the cells. The build-up of abnormal cells eventually forms a tumor that can even spread beyond the kidney.

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What Causes Cancer? | Surgery Tours India

Causes Of Cancer

Allow rapid growth. As cells grow and divide more rapidly, this creates many new cells that all have that same mutation.
Fail to stop uncontrolled cell growth. Normal cells know when to stop growing so that you have just the right number of each type of cell. Cancer cells lose control (tumor suppressor genes) that tell them when to stop growing. An alteration in a tumor suppressor gene allows cancer cells to continue growing.
Making mistakes when repairing DNA errors. DNA repair genes, look for errors in a cell's DNA and make required corrections. A mutation in a DNA repair gene may mean that other errors are not corrected, leading cells to become cancerous.

These mutations are the most common ones found in cancer. But many other gene mutations can contribute to causing cancer.

Gene mutations can occur for several reasons, for instance:

Gene mutations you are born with. You may be born with a genetic mutation that you have inherited from your parents. This type of mutation accounts for a small percentage of cancers.
Gene mutations that occur after birth. Most gene mutations occur after you are born and are not inherited. A number of forces can cause gene mutations, such as smoking, radiation, viruses, cancer-causing chemicals (carcinogens), obesity, hormones, chronic inflammation and a lack of exercise.

The gene mutations you are born with and those that you acquire throughout your life, together cause cancer. If you have inherited a genetic mutation that predisposes you to cancer, that does not mean you are certain to get cancer. One or more, gene mutations combines to cause cancer. It is likely that this varies among cancer types. You are more likely to develop cancer when exposed to a certain cancer-causing substance.

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Bone Marrow Transplant Procedure & Types

Diseases can be treated by Bone Marrow Transplant?

A bone marrow transplant also called a blood stem cell transplant or BMT can treat many diseases. For some diseases, BMT is the only potential cure. There are over 70 diseases that can be treated by BMT. Some of them are listed here.

Patients undergo transplant for a wide variety of malignant and non-malignant conditions including:
Malignant conditions
Hematologic Malignancies

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Leukemia Cancer Treatment India | Procedure For Leukemia | BMT Abroad

What is leukemia?




Leukemia is the name given to a group of cancers that develop in the bone marrow. Under normal conditions, the bone marrow contains a small number of healthy immature blood cells, sometimes called blast cells. These immature blood cells mature and develop into red cells, white cells and platelets, which are eventually released into the blood stream.

Leukemia originates in developing blood cells, which have undergone a malignant (cancerous) change. Instead of maturing properly, these cells grow and multiply in an uncontrolled fashion and interfere with normal blood cell production in the bone marrow. Most cases of leukemia originate in developing white cells. In a small number of cases, leukemia develops in other blood-forming cells, for example in developing red cells or developing platelets.

INTACS Eye Surgery in India - INTACS Eye Treatment

INTACS Eye Surgery in India

What Are INTACS?

Mild Myopia or nearsightedness is corrected through INTACS (Intracorneal Rings or Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments). Intacs are basically tiny rings made of biocompatible material. These tiny rings are placed in those patients who are suffering from Keratoconus so as to improve the visual acuity and topographic images of the patients. The purpose of these Intacs is to reshape the cornea without troubling the visual axis. If required, these Intacs can be removed but are usually positioned permanently. For determining the amount of flattening, these Intacs are prepared in different thicknesses. The amount of flattening is the key factor that determines the vision correction. The treatment is approved for correcting -1.0 to -3.0 diopters of myopia and that should be not over than 1 diopter of astigmatism. The minimally invasive surgery of Intacs corneal implants is primarily used for treating Keratoconus.

Candidates for INTACS

Candidates who do not have high levels of refractive error or excessive thin corneas.
Candidates who have healthy eyes.
Candidates who are 21 years of age or more.
Candidates who are dissatisfied by wearing contact lenses or glasses.
Candidates who understand that using of contact lenses or glasses may be required for a few activities after surgery.
Intacs has no upper age limit.
Candidates who had no change in prescription for contact lens or glasses for at least a year.

Intacs Procedure

The eyes are first numbed by using anesthetic drops. In order to prevent the blinking of the eye, the surgeon inserts a speculum. The surgical procedure starts by making a tiny incision in the cornea. By using the centering guide which is placed on the surface, the Intacs are inserted and the 2 microscopic tunnels are made in the periphery of the cornea. The surgeon then closes the opening and can also apply antibiotic drops. Some patients notice an improvement in their vision immediately after the procedure. The entire surgery takes about 1 hour.

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Vasectomy Surgery in India | Surgery Tours India

Vasectomy Surgery in India

Vasectomy is also termed as male sterilization. The process involves prevention of sperm entering the seminal stream. This is a permanent solution to birth control. Vasectomy should not be understood as castration (removal of the testicle). The surgery does not involve much time and complication. It is all about sealing one side of vas deferens. Vasectomy is executed in a medical clinic and it takes 30 minutes for the procedure to be completed. Within one hour of Vasectomy, the patient is send back home.

Types Of Vasectomy

There are different types Vasectomy, which a patient can choose from.

No-Scalpel Vasectomy:

This method is also known as the key-hole vasectomy. This involves puncture of the scrotal sac. This method has less chance of infection.

Open-Ended Vasectomy:

In this method does not involve sealing of the testicular end of the vas deferens.
No-Needle:
This Is The Normal Method Of Vasectomy With Local Anesthesia. This Is A Painless Method. Fascial Interposition:

This method prevents recanalization of vas deferens.
Vas Irrigation:

It involves injecting of sterile water to the distal portion of the vas deferens. This kills the sperms.
Benefits Of Vasectomy

There are various benefits of Vasectomy:
As and when a couple decides not to have many more children they can go for Vasectomy.
Vasectomy is permanent, so instead of using a long-term contraceptive, the method of vasectomy is better.
It has less complication than permanent sterilization in women.

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